Long Answer Type1. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) focussed on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNAs.
2. Sequence Annotation involved simply sequencing the whole set of genome, that included all the coding and non-coding sequences and then assigning functions to different regions in the sequence.
HGP followed the second technique in which-
(i) The total DNA from the cell is isolated and converted into random fragments of relatively smaller sizes.
(ii) These fragments were then cloned in suitable hosts using specialised vectors; the commonly used hosts were bacteria and yeast and the vectors used were bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) and yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC).
(iii) The fragments were then sequenced using automated DNA sequences.
(iv) The sequences were then arranged on the basis of certain overlapping regions present in them; this required the generation of overlapping fragments for sequencing.
(v) These sequences were annotated and assigned to the respective chromosomes.
Short Answer TypeLong Answer TypeHow did Hershey and Chase differentiate between DNA and protein in their experiment while proving that DNA is the genetic material?
Make a table showing genetic codes and the corresponding amino acids coded by genetic codes.
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