Short Answer TypeGroup the following as nitrogenous bases and nucleosides:
Adenine, Cytidine, Thymine, Guanosine, Uracil and Cytosine.
Depending upon the chemical nature of the template (DNA or RNA) and the nature of nucleic acids synthesised from it (DNA or RNA), list the types of nucleic acid polymerases.
Name the scientist who suggested that the genetic code should be made of a combination of three nucleotides.
Explain the process of DNA replication with the help of a schematic diagram.
DNA replication is the phenomenon in which a duplicate copy of DNA is synthesized
The steps involved in the process of DNA replication are as follows:
i) DNA replication occurs in S-phase of the cell cycle.
ii) Enzyme involved: DNA polymerase (DNA-dependent DNA polymerase)
iii) Replication requires energy
Source of energy -Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs)
dNTPs have dual purposes: act as substrates as well as provide energy
Replication initiates at specific regions in DNA called the origin of replication.
DNA polymerase polymerises a large number of nucleotides in a very short time.
During the course of replication, two parent strands do not completely open, but a small opening form in which replication occurs. This small opening forms a replication fork.
DNA polymerase can polymerize only in one direction, i.e,'
Therefore, replication occurs smoothly into end of DNA (continuous replication, but occurs discontinuously into end).
The discontinuous fragments so formed are joined by DNA ligase
In which phase of the cell cycle does replication occur in Eukaryotes? What would happen if cell-division is not followed after DNA replication?
A DNA segment has a total of 1000 nucleotides, out of which 240 of them are adenine containing nucleotides. How many pyrimidine bases this DNA segment possesses?
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