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Organisms and Populations

Short Answer Type

41. List the various abiotic environmental factors factors.

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42. If a marine fish is placed in a fresh water aquarium, will the fish be able to survive ? Why or why not ?

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43. Define phenotypic adaptation. Give one example.

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44. Most living organisms cannot survive at temperature at about 45°C. How are some microbes able to live in habitats with temperatures exceeding 100°C ?

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Long Answer Type

45. List the attributes that populations possess but not the individuals.

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46.

If the population growing exponentially doubles in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the population?

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47. Name important defence mechanisms in plants against herhivory.

Defence mechanism of plants against herbivorous animals

1. Formation of leaf spines e.g. leaf spines in Opuntia

2. Modification of leaves into thorns, e.g. Bougainvillea and Duranta.

3. Development of spiny margins on leaves.

4. Development of sharp silicated edges in leaves.

5. Many plants produce and store toxic chemicals which cause discomforts to herbivores e.g. cardiac glucoside by Calotropis, Nicotine by tobacoo.

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Short Answer Type

48. An orchid plant is growing on the branch of mango tree. How do you describe this interaction between the orchid and the mango tree ?

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49. What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insect ?

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50. Distinguish between the following :

(a) Hiberation and aestivation

(b) Ectotherms and endotherms.

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