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Organisms and Populations

Short Answer Type

41. List the various abiotic environmental factors factors.

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42. If a marine fish is placed in a fresh water aquarium, will the fish be able to survive ? Why or why not ?

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43. Define phenotypic adaptation. Give one example.

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44. Most living organisms cannot survive at temperature at about 45°C. How are some microbes able to live in habitats with temperatures exceeding 100°C ?

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Long Answer Type

45. List the attributes that populations possess but not the individuals.

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46.

If the population growing exponentially doubles in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the population?

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47. Name important defence mechanisms in plants against herhivory.

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Short Answer Type

48. An orchid plant is growing on the branch of mango tree. How do you describe this interaction between the orchid and the mango tree ?

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49. What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insect ?

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50. Distinguish between the following :
(a) Hiberation and aestivation

(b) Ectotherms and endotherms.

(a) Differences between hibernation and aestivation

Hibernation

Aestivation

1. An inactive/dormant state in animals to escape the harsh conditions of winters, is called hibernation (winter sleep).

2. Example. Bears .

1. An inactive period to escape the harsh conditions of summer is called aestivation (summer sleep).

2. Example. fishes.

(b) Differences between ectotherms and endotherms

Ectotherms	Endotherms
Ectotherms are those animals whose body temperature changes according to the surroundings, in which they are living. For eg- reptiles	Endotherms are those animals whose body temperature is maintained relatively constant by the process of homeostasis. For eg- Mammals.