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Reproduction in Organisms

Short Answer Type

41. Name the three phases in the life span of an organism.

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42. Why do internodal segments of sugarcane fail to propagate vegetatively even when they are in contact with damp soil ?

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Long Answer Type

43. Define
(i) Juvenile phase
(ii) Reproductive phase
(iii) Senescent phase.

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Short Answer Type

44. Explain the process of budding in yeast.

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45. Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.
Or

What is zoospore ?

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46. How does Bryophyllum plant propagate?
Or

Why do the new plants grow on Bryophyllum leaf ?

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Long Answer Type

47. Define external fertilization. Mention its disadvantages.

The fertilization in which the fusion of gametes occurs outside the body of the female in an external medium i.e. water. Organisms that exhibit external fertilization show a great synchrony between the sexes in order to liberate the gametes at the same time.Examples. Bony fishes, amphibians etc.

Disadvantages of external fertilization are :

(1) A large number of gametes are produced to ensure fertilization thus there is wastage.

(2) The offsprings formed are extremely vulnerable to predators and are risk upto adulthood.

(3) The gametes and zygotes face a greater risk of dessication.

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48. Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction inspite of its complexity. Why ?

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Short Answer Type

49. What is a bisexual flower ? Collect five bisexual flowers from your neighbourhood and with the help of your teacher find out their common and scientific names.

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50. What are oviparous and viviparous animals ? Give one example of each.

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