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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Short Answer Type

261. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

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262. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

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263. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

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264. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

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265. Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2, 2, 6-trimethyl cyclohexanone does not.

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266. Give plausible explanation for each of the following:

There are two –NH₂ groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.

The study of semicarbazide (NH₃ derivative of urea,

revel that two N—H bonds of NH₂ group away from CO group in semicarbazide are comparatively weaker than two N—H bonds at other –NH₂ closer to >C = O group and produces H⁺ easily for protonation of >C = O group of aldehyde or ketone.

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267. Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as fast as it is formed.

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268. Explain the following:

p-Hydroxy benzaldehyde is more soluble in water than o-hydroxy benzaldehyde.

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269. Explain the following:
Benzaldehyde does not undergo aldol condensation whereas acetaldehyde does.

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270. Explain the following with one suitable example in each case:

Wolff-Kishner reduction.