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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Short Answer Type

261. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

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262. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

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263. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

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264. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

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265. Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2, 2, 6-trimethyl cyclohexanone does not.

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266. Give plausible explanation for each of the following:

There are two –NH₂ groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.

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267. Give plausible explanation for each of the following:
During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as fast as it is formed.

The nature of reaction, esterification of carboxylic acid, is reversible as ester formed reacts with water and produces reactants and thus an equilibrium is set up between reactants and products. The removal of ester or water shifts the equilibrium to right according to Le-Chatelier’s principle and more and more ester is formed.

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268. Explain the following:

p-Hydroxy benzaldehyde is more soluble in water than o-hydroxy benzaldehyde.

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269. Explain the following:
Benzaldehyde does not undergo aldol condensation whereas acetaldehyde does.

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270. Explain the following with one suitable example in each case:

Wolff-Kishner reduction.