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The p-Block Elements

Short Answer Type

521. Write the balanced equation for complete hydrolysis of XeF₆.

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522. Predict the shape of ClF₃ on the basis of VSEPR theory.

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523. In which one of the two structures, NO₂^– and NO₂^–, the bond angle has a higher value?

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524. Which is a stronger acid in aqueous solutions, HF or HCl?

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525. Why is the bond angle in PH₃ molecule lesser than that in NH₃ molecule?

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526. Why does the reactivity of nitrogen differ from phosphorus?

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527. Why does NH₃ form hydrogen bond but PH₃ does not?

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528. How is nitrogen prepared in the laboratory? Write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.

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529. How is ammonia manufactured industrially?

Ammonia is manufactured industrially by Haber's process.

N_{2} (g) + 3 H_{2} (g) ⇌ 2 {NH}_{3} (g) ∆_{f} H ° = - 46.1 kJ {mol}^{- 1}

A mixture of dry nitrogen and hydrogen gases in the ratio of 1:3 by volume is compressed to about 200 to 300 atm and passed over iron catalyst at a temperature of about 723 k to 773 k. The iron catalyst is mixed with aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and potassium oxide (K₂O) which act as promotors.
Ammonia being formed is continuously removed by liquefying it.
The optimum conditions for the production of ammonia are a pressure of about 200 atm, a temperature of ~700 k and use of a catalyst such as iron oxide with small amounts of K₂O and Al₂,O₃ to increase the rate of attainment of equilibrium.

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530. Illustrate how copper metal can give different products with HNO₃.

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