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Oxygen is smaller in size and thus due to its small size complete its octet by forming pπ = p<span id=MathJax-Element-2-Frame class=mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML style=padding: 1px 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.66px; letter-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; tabindex=0 role=presentation data-mathml='<math xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML><mi mathvariant=normal>π</mi></math>'> π bond. Therefore, O 2 is a discrte molecule and the intermolecular forces of attraction are weak vander waals forces. Hence, O 2 is a gas. While sulphur is large in size, cannot form p<span id=MathJax-Element-3-Frame class=mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML style=padding: 1px 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.66px; letter-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; tabindex=0 role=presentation data-mathml='<math xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML><mi mathvariant=normal>π</mi></math>'> π = p<span id=MathJax-Element-4-Frame class=mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML style=padding: 1px 0px; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.66px; letter-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; tabindex=0 role=presentation data-mathml='<math xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML><mi mathvariant=normal>π</mi></math>'> π bonds. Therefore, in order to gain stability, it exists as S 8 which is a solid.

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The p-Block Elements

Short Answer Type

771.

Among the hydrides of Group-15 elements, which have the

Lowest boiling point?
Maximum basic character?
Highest bond angle?
Maximum reducing character?

772.

Give reasons:

H₃PO₃undergoes disproportionation reaction but H₃PO₄ does not.

773.
Give Reason:
Dioxygen is a gas while Sulphur is a solid at room temperature.

Oxygen is smaller in size and thus due to its small size complete its octet by forming pπ = p $π$ bond. Therefore, O₂ is a discrte molecule and the intermolecular forces of attraction are weak vander waals forces. Hence, O₂ is a gas. While sulphur is large in size, cannot form p $π$ = p $π$ bonds. Therefore, in order to gain stability, it exists as S₈ which is a solid.

774.

Draw the structures of the following.
(i) XeF₄
(ii) HClO₃

775.

When concentrated sulphuric acid was added to an unknown salt present in a test tube a brown gas (A) was involved. This gas intensified when copper turnings were added to this test tube. On cooling, the gas (A) changed into a colourless solid (B).
(i) Identify (A) and (B)
(ii) Write the structures of (A) and (B)
(iii) Why does gas (A) change to solid on cooling