Excretory Products and their Elimination

Sliding filament theory can be best explained as

• When myofilaments slide pass each other actin filaments shorten while mysoin filament do not shorten

• Actin and Myosin filaments shorten and slide pass each other

• Actin and Myosin filaments do not shorten but rather slide pass each other

• Actin and Myosin filaments do not shorten but rather slide pass each other

Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?

• Alcohol

• Caffeine

• Renin

• Renin

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?

• Henle's loop - most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate

• Distal convoluted - reabsorption of ion into the surrounding blood capillaries

• Afferent arteriole - carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein

• Afferent arteriole - carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein

Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid? 

• Convoluted tubules

• Collecting ducts

• Loops Henle

• Loops Henle

When a neurone is a resting state, ie, not conducting any impulse, the axonal membrane is 

• equally permeable to both Na⁺ and K⁺ ions

• impermeable to both Na⁺ and K⁺ ions

• comparatively more permeable to K⁺ ions and nearly impermeable to Na⁺ ions

• comparatively more permeable to K⁺ ions and nearly impermeable to Na⁺ ions

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

• Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release

• An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II

• During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed

• During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct? 

• Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water

• Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO₃

• Nearly 99 percent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules

• Nearly 99 percent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules

The principal nitrogenous exceretory compound in humans is synthesised

• in kidneys but eliminated mostly through the liver

• in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys

• In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile

• In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile

Consider the following four statement (1-4) regarding kidney transplant and select the two correct ones out of these

1) Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immuno- suppressants for a long time
2)The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection
3) The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft
4) The acceptance of rejection of a kidney transplant depends on specific interferons

The two correct statements are

• (2) and (3)

• (3) and (4)

• (1) and (3)

• (1) and (3)

Given below are four statements (A-D) regarding human blood circulatory system

• Arteries are thick -walled and have narrow lumen as compared to veins

• Angina is acute chest pain when the blood circulation to the brain reduced.

• Persons with blood group-AB can donate blood to any person with any blood group under ABO system

• Persons with blood group-AB can donate blood to any person with any blood group under ABO system