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CBSE Class 12 Political Science Solved Question Paper 2016

Short Answer Type

21.

Study the cartoon given below and answer the following questions :

i. Identify any four national leaders from the above cartoon and mention the serial number of each.

ii. Which was the most controversial issue of the period related to leader No.2 as Prime Minister of India ?

iii. What was the position of the party led by leader No.1 in the Lok Sabha elections of 1989 ?

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Long Answer Type

22.

Highlight any three positive and three negative features each of the Soviet System in the Soviet Union.

How far it is correct to say the international alliances during the Cold War era were determined by the requirements of the superpowers and the calculations of the smaller states ? Explain.

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23.

Analyse the three different views within India about the type of relationship India should have with the United States of America.

Evaluate any three major factors responsible for making the European Union a political force from being an economic force.

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24.
Describe any three international challenging issues that can only be dealt with when all the countries work together.

OR

What is meant by traditional notion of external security ? Describe any two components of this type of security.

The three international challenging issues :

i. Terrorism refers to political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. International terrorism involves the citizens or territory of more than one country. Terrorist groups seek to change a political context or condition that they do not like by force or threat of force. Civilian targets are usually chosen to terrorise the public and to use the unhappiness of the public as a weapon against national governments or other parties in conflict.

ii. Human rights have come to be classified into three types. The first type is political rights such as freedom of speech and assembly. The second type is economic and social rights. The third type is the rights of colonised people or ethnic and indigenous minorities. Since the 1990s, developments such as Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, the genocide in Rwanda, and the Indonesian military’s killing of people in East Timor have led to a debate on whether or not the UN should intervene to stop human rights abuses.

iii. Global poverty is another source of insecurity. World population—now at 650 crore— will reach 700 to 800 crore within 25 years and may eventually level out at 900 to 1000 crore. Poverty in the South has also led to large-scale migration to seek a better life, especially better economic opportunities, in the North. This has created international political frictions.

In the traditional conception of security, the greatest danger to a country is from military threats. The source of this danger is another country which by threatening military action endangers the core values of sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.

i. Balance of Power - When countries look around them, they see that some countries are bigger and stronger. This is a clue to who might be a threat in the future. For instance, a neighbouring country may not say it is preparing for attack. There may be no obvious reason for attack. But the fact that this country is very powerful is a sign that at some point in the future it may choose to be aggressive.

ii. Alliance building - An alliance is a coalition of states that coordinate their actions to deter or defend against military attack. Most alliances are formalised in written treaties and are based on a fairly clear identification of who constitutes the threat. Countries form alliances to increase their effective power relative to another country or alliance. Alliances are based on national interests and can change when national interests change.

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25.

The accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic. Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.

Examine the different areas of agreement and disagreement with respect to the model of economic development to be adopted in India after independence.

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26.

Analyse the circumstances that favoured Indira Gandhi to become Prime Minister after the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri. Mention any four achievements of Indira Gandhi that made her popular as a Prime Minister.

Analyse the circumstances responsible for the declaration of a state of emergency in India on 25th June, 1975.

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