Write balanced equations for each of the following reactions :    

(i) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thiosulphate solution.

(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution is added to silver nitrate solution

 Explain the following with at least one example :    

(i) Keto-enol tautomerism.

(ii) Carbylamine reaction.

(iii) Rosenmund’s reduction.

(iv) Haloform reaction.

 Give one reason each for the following :  

(i) Acetone reacts with hydroxylamine to form only one product which has no geometrical isomer, but acetaldehyde reacts with hydroxylamine to form a product which has two geometrical isomers.

(ii) Direct nitration of aniline is not possible.

Write balanced equations for the preparation of:  

(i) DDT

(ii) Urotropine

(iii) Biuret

Give balanced equations for the reactions given below:    

(i) Urea is warmed with a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide.

(ii) Methyl isocyanide is warmed with dilute hydrochloric acid.

(iii) Sucrose is warmed with concentrated nitric acid.

(iv) Aniline is treated with a mixture of NaNO₂ and excess ofHCl at low temperature.

 How would you convert the following :

(i) Methyl amine to ethyl amine

(ii) Benzoic acid to benzene

(iii) Glucose to fructose

Give a chemical test to distinguish between : 

(i) Urea and oxalic acid

(iiAcetaldehyde and acetone.

i) What is a specific rotation ?   

(ii) 1. What is optical activity ?

2. Name the apparatus used to measure optical activity.

3. State the two necessary conditions for a compound to show optical activity. Give one example of a compound which shows optical activity.

40. What are polyolefins ? Give the reaction for the preparation of polythene a polyolefin.