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Draw the electron dot structures for:
(a)    ethanoic acid
(b)    H2S
(c)    propanone
(d)F2’


(a) Ethanoic acid:


(a) Ethanoic acid:(b) H2sS
(c) Propanone(d) F2

(b) H
2sS


(a) Ethanoic acid:(b) H2sS
(c) Propanone(d) F2

(c) Propanone


(a) Ethanoic acid:(b) H2sS
(c) Propanone(d) F2
(d) F2


(a) Ethanoic acid:(b) H2sS
(c) Propanone(d) F2
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While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that:
  • the food is not cooked completely
  •  the fuel is not burning completely
  • the fuel is wet
  •  the fuel is burning completely.


B.

 the fuel is not burning completely
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Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.


Covalent bond/s is formed by sharing of electrons so that the combining atom/s complete their outermost shell. In CH3Cl, this happens as follows:


Covalent bond/s is formed by sharing of electrons so that the combini

Three hydrogen atoms complete (K = 1 + 1 = 2) their shells by sharing three electrons (one electron each) of carbon atom. Chlorine complete its outer shell (L = 7 + 1 = 8) by sharing its one out of seven electrons with one electron of carbon atom. Thus carbon atom shares in all its four electrons with three of three hydrogen atoms and one of chlorine atom and completes its outer shell (L = 4 + 3 + 1 = 8).

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How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated
on the basis of their physical and chemical properties.

Teat

Ethanol

Ethanoic acid

1.    Litmus test

2.    Sodium bicarbonate

3.    Sodium metal test

No change in colour of litmus solution.

No brisk effervescence.

H2 is given out with effervescence.

Blue litmus solution turns red.

Brisk effervescence due to evolution of CO2.

H2 is produced but no effervescence.

 
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What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.

A homologous series is a group of compounds which contains the same functional group but different chain lengths. Thus, these have the same chemical properties but different physical properties.
Example:
CH3OH
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
C4H9OH
Above are members of the same homologous series having different chain length and same functional group.

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