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Biotechnology and Its Applications

Short Answer Type

31. List two uses of cloned genes in molecular diagnostics.

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32. How is ELISA test carried out ?

ELISA or Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay is for detection in immunology . It is based on the principle of antibody antigen interactions.

Steps of ELISA

1. A micro titer plate is coated with antigen.

2. Primary antibody specific to antigen for diagnosis is added to the plate. The antibody interacts with the antigen. then the plate is washed to remove any extra free antibody.

3. Secondary antibody which has a tag is then added to the well. The secondary antibody attaches to the primary antibody. The plate is washed to remove free secondary antibody.

4.Chromagen is added which produces color and aids in detection.

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33. Name two of common pharmaceutically important products obtained through genetic engineering.

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Long Answer Type

34.

How insulin is synthesised in human (or mammals) . Give a suitable diagram?

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35.

How is E.coli used to produce human insulin?

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Short Answer Type

36. What is gene library ?

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37. Define probes.

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38. Why is the use of probes considered better than conventional diagnostic tools for disease diagnosis ?

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39. Why mice are considered most suitable animals for transgenic production ?

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40. Write the advantages of recombinant therapeutics.

How many of them have been approved world over for human use and how many are available in Indian market ?

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