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Biotechnology and Its Applications

Short Answer Type

31. List two uses of cloned genes in molecular diagnostics.

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32. How is ELISA test carried out ?

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33. Name two of common pharmaceutically important products obtained through genetic engineering.

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Long Answer Type

34.
How insulin is synthesised in human (or mammals) . Give a suitable diagram?

(1) Insulin is made up of two short polypeptide chains; A and chain B which are linked together by disulphide bridges.

Conversion of pro-insulin after removal of C-peptide.

(2) Insulin is synthesised as pro-hormone (i.e. which is to be processed before becoming functional) which contains an extra stretch called C-peptide which is usually removed during maturation of insulin.

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35.

How is E.coli used to produce human insulin?

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Short Answer Type

36. What is gene library ?

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37. Define probes.

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38. Why is the use of probes considered better than conventional diagnostic tools for disease diagnosis ?

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39. Why mice are considered most suitable animals for transgenic production ?

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40. Write the advantages of recombinant therapeutics.

How many of them have been approved world over for human use and how many are available in Indian market ?

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