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Biotechnology and Its Applications

Short Answer Type

91.

How can bacterial DNA be released from the bacterial cell for biotechnology experiments?

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92. Explain how a hereditary disease can be corrected. Give an example of first successful attempt made towards correction of such diseases.

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93. Why do children cured by enzyme-replacement therapy for adenosine deaminase deficiency need periodic treatment?

1135 Views

94. Explain the significance of satellite DNA in DNA fingerprinting technique.

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95.
Describe any three potential applications of genetically modified plants.

Three potential applications of genetically modified (GM) plants are as follows:
(i) Nutrient Enrichment and improved food- quality– Plants are genetically modified to contain more nutrients. For example- Golden rice is a variety of rice that is genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene, which is a precursor of vitamin A. Thus, consumption of this crop helps in the prevention of vitamin A deficiency diseases.
(ii) Insect/Pest Resistance – Plants are engineered to possess resistance against the insect or pest. GM crops, such as Bt cotton which were genetically modified to produce certain protein which acts as insecticides and kills certain insects such as lepidopterans and dipterans. Thus Bt cotton plants are resistant to insects.
(iii) Disease-free plants – Plants are genetically modified to become resistant against disease of bacteria, virus or fungus. For example Pusa swarnim a variety of brassica is resistant to disease caused by white rust.

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96. How did an American Company. Eli Lilly use the knowledge of r-DNA technology to produce human insulin?

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97.

State the role of C-peptide in human insulin.

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98.

How have transgenic animals proved to be beneficial in:
(a) Production of biological products
(b)Chemical safety testing.

594 Views

Long Answer Type

99.

With advancements in genetics, molecular biology and tissue culture, new traits have been incorporated into crop plants. Explain the main steps in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop.

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