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Chemical Coordination and Integration

Long Answer Type

81.

Write the name and the source of hormones regulating the following :

(a) Uterine changes in pregnancy.
(b) Urinary elimination of water.
(c) Metamorphosis of tadpoles.
(d) Plasma Ca⁺² level.
(e) Na⁺ and K⁺ metabolism.
(f) Blood sugar level.
(g) Uterine contractions at the time of child's birth.

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Short Answer Type

82. Write a note on adrenocroticotrophin hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone.

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Long Answer Type

83. Discuss somatotrophic or growth hormone. State the abnormalities cause due to hyposecretion or hypersecretion of growth hormone?

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84. Why is the endocrine system considered a chemical extension of the nervous system ?

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85. Briefly explain about pancreas.

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86. Explain diabetes mellitus.

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87. What are the principal hormones produced by the anterior pituitary? What function does each serve ?

Anterior lobe of pituitary : It is also known as Pars digitalis. It produces six hormones.

The hormones produced are:

1. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) : It is a proteinaceous hormone. It acts on the thyroid gland and regulates the secretion of the thyroid hormone.

2. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH or Corticotropin hormone) : It is a peptide hormone. It controls functioning of adrenal cortex, especially secretion of glucocorticoids & sex corticoids.

3. Growth hormone, somatotropin hormone (STH) : It is a proteinaceous hormone. It regulates the synthesis of growth of the body.

4. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) : It is a glycoprotein gonadotrophic hormone. It controls spermatogenesis in testes, maturation of graafian follicles and secretion of estrogens in ovaries.

5. Luteinising hormone (LH) : It performs the following functions
(i) In females LH helps in growth and development of graafian follicles, ovulation, growth of ruptured follicle.

(ii) In females LH also helps in secretion of progestrone by corpus luteum.

(iii) IIn males it acts on Leydig’s or interstitial cells of testes to secrete testosterone and other androgens.

6. Prolactin (PRL) : It is a proteinaceous hormone. It stimulates development of mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation after child birth.

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