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Chemical Coordination and Integration

Long Answer Type

81.

Write the name and the source of hormones regulating the following :

(a) Uterine changes in pregnancy.
(b) Urinary elimination of water.
(c) Metamorphosis of tadpoles.
(d) Plasma Ca⁺² level.
(e) Na⁺ and K⁺ metabolism.
(f) Blood sugar level.
(g) Uterine contractions at the time of child's birth.

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Short Answer Type

82. Write a note on adrenocroticotrophin hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone.

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Long Answer Type

83. Discuss somatotrophic or growth hormone. State the abnormalities cause due to hyposecretion or hypersecretion of growth hormone?

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84. Why is the endocrine system considered a chemical extension of the nervous system ?

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85. Briefly explain about pancreas.

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86. Explain diabetes mellitus.

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87. What are the principal hormones produced by the anterior pituitary? What function does each serve ?

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88. Describe the hormones secreted by ovaries.

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89. What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland ? What function does each serve ? Where are these hormones actually produced ?

The posterior pituitary gland or neurohypophysis or pars nervosa stores and release two hormones :

1. Vasopressin (ADH or Antidiuretic Hormone)

2. Oxytocin

1. Function of Vasopressin hormone. Vasopressin hormone controls urine output. When there is more water in the body then this hormone is secreted in less amount. When amount of water is less inside the body then it is secreted in more amount so the urine output is less. The ADH hormone reduces water loss.

2. Function of Oxytocin :

(i) It acts on smooth muscles and results in their contraction .

(ii) It stimulates rigorous contraction in the uterine walls during the child birth.

(iii) It stimules ejection of milk from the mammary glands.

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