Long Answer TypeIt is often said that the pyramid of energy is always upright. On the other hand, the pyramid of biomass can be both upright and inverted. Explain with the help of examples and sketches.
Short Answer TypeConstruct an age pyramid which reflects an expanding growth status of human population.
State the function of a reservoir in a nutrient cycle. Explain the simplified model of carbon cycle in nature.
Long Answer Type(a) Explain the significance of ecological pyramids with the help of an example.
(b) Why are the pyramids referred to as upright or inverted?Short Answer TypeDifferentiate between primary and secondary succession. Provide one example of each.
| Primary Succession | Secondary Succession |
| Succession takes place on barren area. |
Occurs in an area which has been denuded recently. |
| Seral stages are many | Seral stages are few |
| Rate of succession is very slow | Rate of Succession is fast |
| Soil is absent at the time of beginning of primary succession. | Soil is present in the area where secondary succession begins. |
| Primary succession takes a long time for completion, 1000 years or more. | Secondary succession takes less time for completion. 50-200 years. |
| For eg - Forest that grew on barren land. | For eg - Trees growing on a burnt area. |
Long Answer Type(a) Taking an example of a small pond explain how the four components of an ecosystem function as a unit.
(b) Name the type of food chain that exists in a pond.
Short Answer TypeIn in a food-chain, a trophic level represents a functional level, not a species. Explain.
Long Answer TypeDiscuss the role of healthy ecosystem services as a prerequisite for a wide range of economic, environmental and aesthetic goods and services.
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