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Evolution

Short Answer Type

91. Try to trace the components of human evolution.

During human evolution, ancestral human types had undergone a number of remarkable changes in their brain size (cranial cavity), skeletal features, dietary preference, etc., as shown in the following table :

Human type

Cranial cavity

Skeletal features

Dietary preference

(i) Australopithecus

(ii) Homo habilis
(iii) Homo erectus
(iv) H. sapiens neanderthalensis

(v) H.sapiens fossilis

(vi) H. sapiens sapiens

600 cm³

735 cm³(650 - 800 cm³)
870 cm³(750 - 900 cm³)
1400 cm³(1300 -1600 cm³)

1660 cm³
1450 -1650 cm³

Prognathous, well developed
supra-orbital ridges and
chinless

-do-

- do-

Flat forehead, no supraorbital ridges, chin present.
-do-

Primarily fruit-feeder but also hunted with stones.

Primarily herbivorous. Primarily a meateater. Primarily carnivorous.

Primarily carnivorous Primarily omnivorous.

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Long Answer Type

92. Briefly state the major theories of origin of life. Which one of them has scientific basis ?

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93. State the hypothesis of Oparin and Haldane about the primeval earth condition. What do you understand by Haldane’s hot, dilute soup ? State its significance.

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