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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Short Answer Type

101. Why is the colour of a leaf kept in the dark frequently yellow, or pale green? Which pigment do you think is more stable?

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102. Look at leaves of the same plant on the shady side and compare it with the leaves on the sunny side. Or, compare the potted plants kept in the sunlight with those in the shade. Which of them has leaves that are darker green? Why?

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Long Answer Type

103.

Figure 13.10 shows the effect of light on the rate of photosynthesis. Based on the graph, answer the following questions:

(a) At which point/s (A, B or C) in the curve is light a limiting factor?

(b) What could be the limiting factor/s in region A?

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104.
Give comparison between C₃ and C₄ pathways.

C₃pathways		C₄pathways
1.	The primary acceptor of CO₂ is RUBP – a six-carbon compound.	1.	The primary acceptor of CO₂ is phosphoenol pyruvate – a three-carbon compound.
2.	The first stable product is 3-phosphoglycerate.	2.	The first stable product is oxaloacetic acid.
3.	It occurs only in the mesophyll cells of the leaves.	3.	It occurs in the mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells of the leaves.
4.	It is a slower process of carbon fixation and photo-respiratory losses are high.	4.	It is a faster process of carbon fixation and photo-respiratory losses are low.
5.	Occurs in all the plants	5.	Occurs only in C_{4 plants}

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105.

Give comparison between anatomy of leaf in C₃ and C₄ plants.

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Multiple Choice Questions

106.

A plant in your garden avoids photorespiratory losses, has improved water use efficiency, shows high rate of photosynthesis at high temperatures and has improved efficiency of nitrogen utilisation. In which of the following physiological groups would you assign this plant?

C₄
CAM
Nitogen-fixer
Nitogen-fixer

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107.

Emerson's enhancement effect and red drop have instrumental in the discovery of

two photosystems operating simultaneously
photophosphorylation and cyclic electron transport
oxidative phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation

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108.

Specialised epidermal cells surrounding the guard cells are called

sunbsidiary cells
bulliform cells
lenticels
lenticels

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109.

The three boxes in this diagram represent the three major biosynthetic pathways in aerobic net reactant or products

Arrows numbered 4, 8 and 12 can all be