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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Short Answer Type

181. The boiling points of carbonyl compounds are higher than the non-polar alkanes but lower than that of alcohols of comparable molecular mass. Give reasons.

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182. How will you obtain aldehydes from primary alcohols?

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183. How will you prepare ketones from alcohols?

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184. Discuss the method of preparation of an aldehyde from acid chloride.

Preparation of Aldehyde from acid chloride: Aldehyde can be prepared by the reduction of acid chloride with hydrogen in boiling xylene (solvent) in the presence of palladium catalyst supported on barium sulphate. The reaction is known as Rosenmund’s reaction.

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Long Answer Type

185. Discuss the preparation of aldehydes and ketones from alkenes.

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186. How will you obtain acetophenone from (i) benzene (ii) ethyl benzene (iii) benzoyl chloride?

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Short Answer Type

187. Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CHO

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188. Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
CH₃CH₂COCH(C₂H₅)CH₂CH₂Cl

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189. Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
CH₃CH = CHCHO

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190. Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
CH₃COCH₂COCH₃

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