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Mechanical Properties of Fluids

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CBSE Gujarat Board Haryana Board

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Class 10 Class 12
Two narrow bores of diameters 3-0 mm and 6.0 mm are joined together to form a U-tube open at both the ends. If the U-tube contains water, what is the difference in its levels in the two limbs of the tube? (Surface tension of water at the temperature of the experiment is 72 dyne/cm. Take angle of contact to be zero and density of water to be 1.0 g/cc.)

We know water rises in the capillary tube.

Height to which water rises in the capillary tube is,

Therefore the height hof the water that rises in the limb of diameter 3 mm is given by,

The height hof the water that will rise in the limb of diameter 6 mm is given by,

Hence difference in the levels of  two limbs is,

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What is hydrodynamics?

Hydrodynamics is the branch of science that studies about the force exerted by the fluids or acting on the fluids.
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Why solids have definite shape while liquids do not have definite shape?

Solids: Intermolecular forces are very strong and thermal agitations are not sufficiently strong to separate the molecules from their mean position. Solids are rigid and hence they have definite shapes.
Liquids: In liquids intermolecular forces are not sufficiently strong to hold the molecules at definite sites, as a result they move freely within the bulk of liquid, therefore, do not possess definite shapes. Liquids take the same shape as that of the container.
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Do intermolecular or inter-atomic forces follow inverse square law?

No. Intermolecular and inter-atomic forces do not obey the inverse square law.
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What is hydrostatics?

Hydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies incompressible fluids at rest. The study of fluids at rest or objects placed at rest in fluids is hydrostatics.
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What is fluid?

Any material that can flow is a fluid. Liquids and gases are examples of fluid.

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