Short Answer TypeExplain enzyme-replacement therapy to treat adenosine deaminase deficiency. Mention two disadvantages of this procedure.
(a) Why must a cell be made 'competent' in biotechnology experiments ? How does
calcium ion help in doing so ?
(b) State the role of 'biolistic gun' in biotechnology experiments.
How has RNAi technique helped to prevent the infestation of roots in tobacco plants by a nematode Meloidegyne incognita?
Biotechnologists refer to Agrobacterium tumifaciens as a natural genetic engineer of plants. Give reasons to support the statement.
Scientists have succeeded in recovering healthy sugarcane plants from a diseased one.
1. Name the part of the plant used as explant by the scientists.
2. Describe the procedure the scientists followed to recover the healthy plants.
3. Name this technology used for crop improvement.
1. Shoot tips or meristem of the plant
2. The virus free healthy sugarcane plants are obtained through the Meristem culture of the diseased plants. The meristematic tissues are free from viruses and are used as an explant for micropropagation.
Steps in Meristem Culture
i. The shoot tip explants are grown in a nutrient medium in either a test tube a Petri dish under aseptic conditions.
ii. The nutrient medium consists of a carbon source, inorganic salts, vitamins, amino acids and growth regulators like auxin and cytokinin in proper define ratio.
iii. The plantlets obtained are transferred to the nurseries and then sent to the fields.
3. Micropropagation is the technology used for the crop improvement.
How does the application of the fungal genus, Glomus, to the agricultural farm increase the farm output?
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