Biology : Ecosystem

It is often said that the pyramid of energy is always upright. On the other hand, the pyramid of biomass can be both upright and inverted. Explain with the help of examples and sketches.

Construct an age pyramid which reflects an expanding growth status of human population.

State the function of a reservoir in a nutrient cycle. Explain the simplified model of carbon cycle in nature.

(a) Explain the significance of ecological pyramids with the help of an example.

Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Provide one example of each.

(a) Taking an example of a small pond explain how the four components of an ecosystem function as a unit.
(b) Name the type of food chain that exists in a pond.

In in a food-chain, a trophic level represents a functional level, not a species. Explain.

Write a difference between net primary productivity and gross productivity.

Discuss the role of healthy ecosystem services as a prerequisite for a wide range of economic, environmental and aesthetic goods and services.