Long Answer TypeSalient features of Human Genome are
1. The human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotides (base pairs).
2. The size of the genes varies; an average gene consists of 3000 bases, while the largest gene, dystrophin consists of 2.4 million bases.
3. The total number of genes is estimated to be 30000 and 99.9% of the nucleotides are the same in humans.
4. The functions of over 50% of the discovered genes are not known.
5. Only less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins.
6. Repetitive segments forms large portion of the human genome.
7. Repetitive sequences throw light on chromosome structure and dynamics and evolution, though they are thought to have no direct coding functions.
8. Chromosome No. 1 has 2968 genes and Y-chromosome has the least number (231 genes).
9. Scientists have identified about 1.4 million locations, where DNA differs in single base in human beings these are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
10. Repeated sequences make up a large portion of human genome.
Short Answer TypeBriefly describe the following:
(a) Transcription
(b) Polymorphism
(c) Translation
(d) Bioinformatics
Long Answer TypeDescribe Griffith’s experiment to demonstrate that DNA is the basic genetic material. What observation was given by Avery, McCarty and MacCleod?
Short Answer TypeLong Answer TypeWhat is the inducer in the lac operon? How does it ensure the 'switching on' of genes?
Draw a schematic representation of Lac operon of how does this operon get switched ‘on’ or ‘off.
Or
Explain how the gene expression is regulated?
Switch
