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Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Long Answer Type

61. Define mutation. Illustrate the types of mutation that can arise by change in chromosome structure.

Mutation is the phenomenon by which the DNA sequence is altered or modified. It affects the genotype or phenotype of the organism and variation in DNA.

Types of mutation that arise due to change in structure of chromosome are.

1. Deletion- loss of a segment

2. Duplication. duplication of an segment which results in addition or gain of a segment

3. Insertion - addition of a segment.

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Short Answer Type

62.

Name the types of chromosomal disorders .

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63. What is aneuploidy ? Give an example.

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Long Answer Type

64.

What is point mutation? Give one example.

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Short Answer Type

65. What are mutagens.

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66. Name a few Chromosomal disorders in human.

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Long Answer Type

67. Mention any two autosomal genetic disorders with their symptoms.

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Short Answer Type

68. What is the significance of pedigree analysis ?

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69. Pedigree charts are helpful in studying human genetics. What do the following conventionally represent in such charts :

(i) square (ii) circle (iii) solid circle or square (iv) open circle or square ?

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Long Answer Type

70.

Explain how a test cross can be conducted to distinguish between a homozygous and heterozygous dominant genotype.

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