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Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Long Answer Type

61. Define mutation. Illustrate the types of mutation that can arise by change in chromosome structure.

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Short Answer Type

62.

Name the types of chromosomal disorders .

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63. What is aneuploidy ? Give an example.

Aneuploidy is the change in chromosome number. It can be either due to loss or gain of chromosomes. Aneuploidy occurs because of non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis.

For example - Down's Syndrome in which there is a gain of extra copy of chromosome 21.

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Long Answer Type

64.

What is point mutation? Give one example.

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Short Answer Type

65. What are mutagens.

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66. Name a few Chromosomal disorders in human.

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Long Answer Type

67. Mention any two autosomal genetic disorders with their symptoms.

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Short Answer Type

68. What is the significance of pedigree analysis ?

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69. Pedigree charts are helpful in studying human genetics. What do the following conventionally represent in such charts :

(i) square (ii) circle (iii) solid circle or square (iv) open circle or square ?

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Long Answer Type

70.

Explain how a test cross can be conducted to distinguish between a homozygous and heterozygous dominant genotype.

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