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Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Long Answer Type

61. Define mutation. Illustrate the types of mutation that can arise by change in chromosome structure.

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Short Answer Type

62.

Name the types of chromosomal disorders .

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63. What is aneuploidy ? Give an example.

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Long Answer Type

64.

What is point mutation? Give one example.

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Short Answer Type

65. What are mutagens.

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66. Name a few Chromosomal disorders in human.

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Long Answer Type

67. Mention any two autosomal genetic disorders with their symptoms.

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Short Answer Type

68. What is the significance of pedigree analysis ?

Significance of pedigree analysis

1. It can be used to track and trace inheritance of a character .

2. It can be used to trace the pattern of inheritance of trait of abnormality or disease.

3. It has been used by genetic counsellors to inform the couples if they child will have any genetic defect or not.

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69. Pedigree charts are helpful in studying human genetics. What do the following conventionally represent in such charts :

(i) square (ii) circle (iii) solid circle or square (iv) open circle or square ?

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Long Answer Type

70.

Explain how a test cross can be conducted to distinguish between a homozygous and heterozygous dominant genotype.

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