The various methods of birth control

1. Use of contraceptives. It means prevention of conception :

Following contraceptives are popular :

(a) Diaphragm. The vaginal diaphragm is a rubber cup stretched over a collapsible metal spring coil. It is designed to fit over the cervix, i.e. the mouth of uterus which prevents fertility or conception.

(b) Condom. The condom is a sheath of rubber which fits on the erect penis. It is put on the penis before it is introduced in the vagina during intercourse.

(c) Jellies, creams and foams. A number of different spermicidal jellies, creams and foams are available for use as contraceptive agents. These jellies, creams and foams are inserted into vagina five to fifteen minutes before ejaculation to take place.

(d) Introduction of copper ‘T’ or loop in female uterus prevents the entry of sperms in uterus IUD (Intra-uterine device).

       Some methods of family planning.

2. Oral contraceptives. These are popularly known as “pills” and are combinations of synthetic sex hormones which suppress the production of ovum. These pills alter the ovulation cycle.

3. Sterilization. It is surgical technique by which the passage of sperms or ovum is discontinued. Both men and women can be sterilized without losing their ability to function sexually.

(a) Vasectomy. In men the sterilization procedure is called vasectomy.

(b) Tubectomy. In women part of fallopian tube is cut and tied off.

(c) Laproscopy. It is the mechanism of tying the oviducts or tubal ligation and hence blocking them with the help of an instrument called laproscope. Because of ligation, the ovum cannot pass into uterus nor the sperms reach the egg for fertilization.

4. Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP). It is the cessation of pregnancy by surgery, suction or by other means.

5. Other measures

(a) Abstinence. Abstaining from intercourse.

(b) Coitus interruptus. It involves the withdrawal of penis from the vagina before ejaculation occurs.

(c) Zero ‘O’ method. It is natural effective and practical method where the woman has to find out-herself the fertile and infertile period, by keeping a close watch on uterine discharge. The safest period to avoid pregnancy is from the beginning of mucus discharge to next four days, after the discharge has stopped.