1.

In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea?

• Dorsal aorta

• Hepatic vein

• Hepatic portal vein

• Hepatic portal vein

The figure shows a human urinary system with structure labelled A to D. Select option, which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and of function.

• A - adrenal gland - located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines, which stimulate glycogen breakdown

• B- pelvis -board funnel-shaped space inner to hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle

• C - mediulla-inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons.

• C - mediulla-inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons.

Human urine is usually acidic because

• The sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries.

• Excreted plasma proteins are acidic

• potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity

• potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80 percent from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

• Ascending limb of loop of Henle

• Distal convoluted tubule

• Proximal convoluted tubule

• Proximal convoluted tubule

Choose the correctly matched pair.

• Inner Lining of salivary ducts - Ciliated epithelium

• Moist surface of buccal cavity - Flandular epithelium

• Tubular parts of nephrons - Cuboidal epithelium

• Tubular parts of nephrons - Cuboidal epithelium

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

• Increase in aldosterone levels

• Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels

• Decrease in aldosterone levels

• Decrease in aldosterone levels

Which one of the following options gives the correct categorisation of six animals according to the type of nitrogenous wastes (A, B, C), they give out?

• A Ammonotelic	B Ureotelic	C Uricotelic
  Pigeon, Humans	Aquatic Amphibia, Lizards	Cockroach, Frog

• A Ammonotelic	B Ureotelic	C Uricotelic
  Frog, Lizards	Aquatic Amphibia, Humans	Cockroach, Pigeon

• A Ammonotelic	B Ureotelic	C Uricotelic
  Aquatic Amphibia	Frog, Humans	Pigeon, Lizards, Cockroach

• A Ammonotelic	B Ureotelic	C Uricotelic
  Aquatic Amphibia	Frog, Humans	Pigeon, Lizards, Cockroach

A fall in glomeruclar filtration rat (GFR) activates

• Juxtra glomerular cells to release renin

• Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

• Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

• Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

Which one of the following characteristics is common both in humans and adult frogs?

• Four chambered heart

• Internal fertilisation

• Nucleated RBCs

• Nucleated RBCs

Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in

• more diluted urine

• more concentrated urine

• no change in quality and quantity of urine

• no change in quality and quantity of urine