(a) Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a solution a colligative property? Explain. 

(b) Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to 250.0 g of water. (K_b for water = 0.512 K kg mol^-1), (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g)

(i) NF₃ is an exothermic compound whereas NCl₃ is not. 

(ii) F₂ is most reactive of all the four common halogens. 

(b) Complete the following chemical equations: 

(i) C + H₂SO₄ (conc.)-->

(ii) P₄ + NaOH + H₂O-->

(iii) Cl₂+F₂  ------>
           (excess)

(a) Account for the following: 

(i) The acidic strength decreases in the order HCl > H₂S > PH₃

(ii) Tendency to form pentahalides decreases down the group in group 15 of the periodic table. 

 (b) Complete the following chemical equations: 

 (i) P₄ + SO₂Cl₂-->

 (ii) XeF₂ + H₂O---> 

 (iii) I₂+HNO₃(conc.)---> 

Answer the following: 

(i) Haloalkanes easily dissolve in organic solvents, why? 

(ii) What is known as a racemic mixture? Give an example. 

(iii) Of the two Bromo derivatives, C₆H₅CH(CH₃)Br and C₆H₅CH(C₆H₅)Br, which one is more reactive in S_n1 substitution reaction and why? 

Describe the following giving one example for each: 

 (i) Detergents 

(ii) Food preservatives 

(iii) Antacids 

36.

Give chemical tests to distinguish between 

(i) Propanal and propanone, 

(ii) Benzaldehyde and acetophenone. 

(b) How would you obtain 

(i) But-2-enal from ethanal, 

(ii) Butanoic acid from butanol, 

(iii) Benzoic acid from ethylbenzene? 

(a) Describe the following giving linked chemical equations: 

 (i) Cannizzaro reaction 

 (ii) Decarboxylation 

(b) Complete the following chemical equations: