Long Answer TypeExamine any six factors which led to the disintegration of the former Soviet Union.
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Study the political outline map of the world given below in which six diferent countries have been marked as (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , (5) and (6) . Identity these countries and name them. Also classify them as the First World, Second World and Third World countries. Write your answer in the Answer-Book as per the folowing format:
| No. Of the Country | Name of the country | First/Second/Third World |
Explain the three types of U.S. hegemony and give suitable examples for each.
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‘India and China are emerging as great economic powers’. Do you agree? Justify your answer with any three arguments.
The three types of US hegemony are:
(i) Hegemony as hard power-The bed rock of contemporary US power lies in the overwhelming superiority of its military power. The US today has military capabilities that can reach any point on the planet accurately, lethally and in real time. The US today spends more on its military capability than next 12 powers combined. As the Iraq invansion shows, the American capacity to conquer is formidable.
(ii) Hegemony as structural power-Hegemony in this sense is reflected in the role played by the US in providing global public goods. The best examples of a global public goods are sea lanes of communication (SLOC) and Internet. The US share of the world economy remains an enormous
28 per cent. A classic Example of the structural power of the US is the academic degree called the master’s in Business Administration(MBA) .
(iii) Hegemony as Soft Power-This third sense of hegemony is about the capacity to ‘manufacture Consent’. America is the most seductive, and in this sense the powerful, culture on earth. This attribute is called ‘soft power’: the ability to persuade rather than coerce.
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The arguments are:
(i) Chinese economy is projected to overtake the US as the World’s largest economy by 2040. Its economic integration into the regions makes it the driver of East Asian growth.
(ii) China has the large foreign exchange reserves that allow it to make big investment in other countries.
(iii) The integration of china’s economy and the inter-dependencies has enabled China to have considerable influence with its trade patners.
(iv) India is one the largest economy in the world having trade relation with almost all countries.
(vi) India also has most number of MNCs operating on its soils.
(vi) It has considerable influence in WTO and IMF as leader of developing world.
Assess the outcome of planned development towards the foundation of India’s economic growth and land reforms.
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Explain any two causes of the partition of India in 1947. Analyse its any four major consequences.
Why was the national emergency declared in India on June 25, 1975? Analyse any three consequences of this emergency.
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Evaluate any three factors which were responsible for Indira Gandhi’s achieving a thumping majority in 1971 Lok Sabha elections.
What is meant by Chipko Movement? When did it start and where? What is the Significance of this movement in the conservation of the environment?
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‘Towards the end of the 1980s, five major changes took place in Indian political system.’ In the light of this statement, examine any three changes.
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