Long Answer TypeExamine any six factors which led to the disintegration of the former Soviet Union.
OR
Study the political outline map of the world given below in which six diferent countries have been marked as (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , (5) and (6) . Identity these countries and name them. Also classify them as the First World, Second World and Third World countries. Write your answer in the Answer-Book as per the folowing format:
| No. Of the Country | Name of the country | First/Second/Third World |
Explain the three types of U.S. hegemony and give suitable examples for each.
OR
‘India and China are emerging as great economic powers’. Do you agree? Justify your answer with any three arguments.
Assess the outcome of planned development towards the foundation of India’s economic growth and land reforms.
OR
Explain any two causes of the partition of India in 1947. Analyse its any four major consequences.
The out comes of planned development are-
(a) Foundation:
(i) Some of the largest developmental projects in India’s history were undertaken during this period which included mega –dams like Bhakhra-Nangal and Hirakud.
(ii) Heavy industries in the public sector such as steel plants, oil refineries, defence production and etc were started.
(iii) Infrastructure for transport and communication was improved substantially.
(b) Land reforms:
(i) The most significant and successful of these was the abolition of the colonial system of Zamindari.
(ii) Attempts at consolidation of land - bringing small pieces of land together in one place so that the farm size could become viable for agriculture-were fairly successful.
(iii) The tenants who worked on some one else’s land were given greater legal security against eviction.
OR
The causes of partition were:
(i) Two-nation theory
(ii) Religion
Consequences of Partition:
(i) Most abrupt, unplanned and tragic transfer of population that human history has known. There were killings and atrocities on both sides of the border.
(ii) Cities like Amritsar and Kolkata divided into communal zones. People were forced to abandon their homes and move across borders, they went through immense sufferings.
(iii) Thousands of women were abducted on both sides of the border, they were forced to change the religion and were forced into marriage. Many children were separated from their parents.
(iv) The Partition was a division of properties, liabilities and assets as well as a political division of the country and the administrative apparatus.
Why was the national emergency declared in India on June 25, 1975? Analyse any three consequences of this emergency.
OR
Evaluate any three factors which were responsible for Indira Gandhi’s achieving a thumping majority in 1971 Lok Sabha elections.
What is meant by Chipko Movement? When did it start and where? What is the Significance of this movement in the conservation of the environment?
OR
‘Towards the end of the 1980s, five major changes took place in Indian political system.’ In the light of this statement, examine any three changes.
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