Long Answer TypeExamine any six factors which led to the disintegration of the former Soviet Union.
OR
Study the political outline map of the world given below in which six diferent countries have been marked as (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , (5) and (6) . Identity these countries and name them. Also classify them as the First World, Second World and Third World countries. Write your answer in the Answer-Book as per the folowing format:
| No. Of the Country | Name of the country | First/Second/Third World |
Explain the three types of U.S. hegemony and give suitable examples for each.
OR
‘India and China are emerging as great economic powers’. Do you agree? Justify your answer with any three arguments.
Assess the outcome of planned development towards the foundation of India’s economic growth and land reforms.
OR
Explain any two causes of the partition of India in 1947. Analyse its any four major consequences.
Why was the national emergency declared in India on June 25, 1975? Analyse any three consequences of this emergency.
OR
Evaluate any three factors which were responsible for Indira Gandhi’s achieving a thumping majority in 1971 Lok Sabha elections.
The reasons were:
(i) Internal disturbances and agitations in the country.
(ii) Grave crises had arisen which made the proclamation necessary.
(iii) Political mood of the country had turned hostile.
Consequences:
(i) According to Shah Commission nearly one lakh eleven thousand people were arrested under Preventive detention laws.
(ii) Torture and custodial deaths occurred, arbitrary relocation of poor people and compulsory sterilization.
(iii) Democratic functioning were suspended and draconian measures were adopted.
OR
Three factors which were responsible for Indira Gandhi’s achieving a thumping majority in 1971 Lok Sabha elections are:
(i) She focused on the growth of the public sector and imposed ceiling on rural land holdings and urban property.
(ii) Through ‘Garibi Hatao’ she had generated a support base among the disadvantaged, Dalits, Adivasis and minorities.
(iii) The crisis in East Pakistan and Indo-Pak war leading to the establishment of Bangladesh had shown characteristic features of statesman and strong nationalist leader.
What is meant by Chipko Movement? When did it start and where? What is the Significance of this movement in the conservation of the environment?
OR
‘Towards the end of the 1980s, five major changes took place in Indian political system.’ In the light of this statement, examine any three changes.
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