Long Answer TypeExamine any six factors which led to the disintegration of the former Soviet Union.
OR
Study the political outline map of the world given below in which six diferent countries have been marked as (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , (5) and (6) . Identity these countries and name them. Also classify them as the First World, Second World and Third World countries. Write your answer in the Answer-Book as per the folowing format:
| No. Of the Country | Name of the country | First/Second/Third World |
Explain the three types of U.S. hegemony and give suitable examples for each.
OR
‘India and China are emerging as great economic powers’. Do you agree? Justify your answer with any three arguments.
Assess the outcome of planned development towards the foundation of India’s economic growth and land reforms.
OR
Explain any two causes of the partition of India in 1947. Analyse its any four major consequences.
Why was the national emergency declared in India on June 25, 1975? Analyse any three consequences of this emergency.
OR
Evaluate any three factors which were responsible for Indira Gandhi’s achieving a thumping majority in 1971 Lok Sabha elections.
What is meant by Chipko Movement? When did it start and where? What is the Significance of this movement in the conservation of the environment?
OR
‘Towards the end of the 1980s, five major changes took place in Indian political system.’ In the light of this statement, examine any three changes.
Chipko movement was a protest movement which used a novel tactic of hugging the trees to prevent them from being cut down.
It started in early 1973 in Uttarakhand.
The movement achieved a victory when the goverment issued a ban on felling of trees in the Himalayan regions for fifteen years, until the green cover was fully restored.
OR
The major changes took place in Indian political system are:
(i) Rise of Mandal Issue-The Mandal Issue started with the National Front Government’s decision to implement the recommendation of Mandal Commission that jobs in the Central government should be reserved for OBCs.This led to violent anti Mandal protests in different parts of the county.
(ii) New Economic Policy-This is known as the initiation of the structural adjustment programmes. Started by Rajiv Gandhi, these changes first become visible in 1991 and radically changed the direction that the Indian economy had pursued since independence.
(iii) Demolition of Babri Masjid or Ayodhya dispute-Ayodhya dispute started with the demolition of the disputed structure of Babri Masjid at Ayodhya in December 1992. This event symbolised and triggered various changes in politics of the country and intensified debate about the nature of Indian nationalism and secularism.
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