Short Answer TypeStudy the cartoon given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Identify and name the person who is holding the balancing beam between the public sector and the private sector.
(ii) Why has a big tilt towards the public sector been shown in the cartoon?
(iii) How did the over-emphasis on public sector adversely affect the Indian economy ?
Long Answer TypeIn what three ways did the collapse of the Soviet Union affect the world politics ? Explain.
Examine the U.S. hegemony as a structural power.
The US Hegemony as a structural power
(i) Hegemony as a structural power is the role played by the US in the world economy and existence in providing global public goods – such as the sea lanes of communication (SLOCs)
(ii) The naval power of the hegemony is another reason for its structural power.
(iii) The internet is the direct outcome of a US military research project that began in 1950. Even today, the Internet relies on a global network of satellites, most of which are owned by the US government.
(iv) The US is present in all parts of the world, in all sectors of the world economy and in all areas of technology.
(v) The US share of the world economy remains an enormous 28 per cent. The US also accounts for 15 per cent of world trade. There is not a single sector of the world economy in which an American firm does not feature in the “top three” lists.
(vi) It is important to remember that the economic preponderance of the US is inseparable from its structural power, which is the power to shape the global economy in a particular way.
Mention the six principal organs of the United Nations and describe the function of any two of them.
Describe the security challenges faced by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the Second World War.
Highlight the circumstances which gave birth to the idea of New International Economic Order (NIEO). Explain any two factors that weakened this initiative.
Do you agree with the statement that “the foreign policy of independent India has pursued the dream of a peaceful world” ? Support your answer with any three suitable arguments.
Give any three suitable arguments in favour of “India being a staunch supporter of the decolonization process and in firm opposition to racialism”.
Highlight the acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency imposed in 1975. In your opinion, how did these acts affect the public opinion ?
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