Short Answer TypeStudy the cartoon given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Identify and name the person who is holding the balancing beam between the public sector and the private sector.
(ii) Why has a big tilt towards the public sector been shown in the cartoon?
(iii) How did the over-emphasis on public sector adversely affect the Indian economy ?
Long Answer TypeIn what three ways did the collapse of the Soviet Union affect the world politics ? Explain.
Mention the six principal organs of the United Nations and describe the function of any two of them.
Describe the security challenges faced by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the Second World War.
The security challenges facing the newly-independent countries of Asia and
Africa after the Second World War
(i) The newly independent countries faced the prospect of military conflict with neighbouring countries.
(ii) They had to worry about internal military conflict. These countries faced
threats not only from outside their borders, mostly from neighbours, but also from within.
(iii) Many newly independent countries came to fear their neighbours even more than they feared the US or the Soviet Union or the former colonial powers. They quarrelled over borders and territories or control of people and populations or all of these simultaneously.
(iv)Internally, the new states were worried about threats from separatist
movements which wanted to form independent countries. Sometimes, the
external and internal threats merged.
(v) A neighbour might help or instigate an internal separatist movement leading to tensions between the two neighbouring countries.
(vi)Internal wars now make up more than 95 per cent of all armed conflicts
fought anywhere in the world.
(vii) Between 1946 and 1991, there was a twelve-fold rise in the number of civil wars—the greatest jump in 200 years. So, for the new states, external wars with neighbours and internal wars posed a serious challenge to their security.
Highlight the circumstances which gave birth to the idea of New International Economic Order (NIEO). Explain any two factors that weakened this initiative.
Do you agree with the statement that “the foreign policy of independent India has pursued the dream of a peaceful world” ? Support your answer with any three suitable arguments.
Give any three suitable arguments in favour of “India being a staunch supporter of the decolonization process and in firm opposition to racialism”.
Highlight the acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency imposed in 1975. In your opinion, how did these acts affect the public opinion ?
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