Short Answer TypeDifferentiate between the genetic codes given below : (a) Unambiguous and Universal (b) Degenerate and Initiator
(a) Unambiguous and Universal : - Unambiguous : - The code is specific, i.e. one codon codes for only one amino acid. Universal : - The code is same in all organisms. (b) Degenerate and Initiator : - Degenerate : - When an amino acid is coded by more than one codon, it is said to be degenerate. Initiator : - AUG is an initiator codon i.e. it initiates the translation process & also codes for methionine.
(a) List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.
(b) Expand ‘YAC’ and mention what was it used for.
(a) Explain the significance of palindromic nucleotide sequence in the formation of recombinant DNA.
(b) Write the use of restriction endonuclease in the above process.
Describe the roles of heat, primers and the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in the process of PCR.
Long Answer TypeWrite the different components of a lac-operon in E. coli. Explain its expression while in an ’open’ state.
Short Answer TypeAlthough a prokaryotic cell has no defined nucleus, yet DNA is not scattered throughout the cell. Explain.
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