Differentiate between the genetic codes given below : (a) Unambiguous and Universal (b) Degenerate and Initiator
(a) List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.
(b) Expand ‘YAC’ and mention what was it used for.
(a) Explain the significance of palindromic nucleotide sequence in the formation of recombinant DNA.
(b) Write the use of restriction endonuclease in the above process.
Describe the roles of heat, primers and the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in the process of PCR.
Write the different components of a lac-operon in E. coli. Explain its expression while in an ’open’ state.
Write the dual purpose served by Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in the polymerisation.
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (DTPs) purpose:
(i) DTPs serves as substrates i.e. nucleotides during replication.
(ii) DTPs supply energy for polymerisation reaction by breaking of high energy terminal phosphates bond.
Although a prokaryotic cell has no defined nucleus, yet DNA is not scattered throughout the cell. Explain.