Short Answer TypeDifferentiate between the genetic codes given below : (a) Unambiguous and Universal (b) Degenerate and Initiator
(a) List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.
(b) Expand ‘YAC’ and mention what was it used for.
(a) Explain the significance of palindromic nucleotide sequence in the formation of recombinant DNA.
(b) Write the use of restriction endonuclease in the above process.
(a) The palindromic sequences i.e. the sequence of base pairs read the same on both the DNA strands, when orientation of reading is kept the same.
(b) On finding the palindrome, the endonuclease binds to the DNA.
* It cuts the opposite strands of DNA, but between the same bases on both the strands & forms STICKY ENDS. This sticky ends facilitate the action of enzyme DNA ligase and helps in the formation of recombination DNA.
Describe the roles of heat, primers and the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in the process of PCR.
Long Answer TypeWrite the different components of a lac-operon in E. coli. Explain its expression while in an ’open’ state.
Short Answer TypeAlthough a prokaryotic cell has no defined nucleus, yet DNA is not scattered throughout the cell. Explain.
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