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Biotechnology : Principles and Processes

Short Answer Type

21. What does EcoRI signify ? How its name is derived ?

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22. Give the source of restriction enzyme, Bam HI and Kpn I.

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23. What are recognition sequences or recognition sites ?

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24. How are restriction endonuclease enzymes named ?

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25. Explain any three methods of vectorless gene transfer.

Vectorless Gene Transfer is when no vector is udes to transfer the desired gene into the host organism. Following are common methods of vectorless gene transfer.

1. Microinjection. Microinjection is the process/technique of introducing foreign genes into a host cell by injecting the DNA directly into the nucleus by using microneedle or micropipette.

2.Use of specific concentraion of divalent cations. specific concentration of divalent cations improves the efficiency of the cells to take up DNA. The divalent cation make the cells competent and thus recombinant DNA can be forced into the cell.

3. Gene Gun or biolistic is the technique of bombarding the cells with microprojectiles (gold or tungsten particles) coated with the foreign DNA with great velocity .

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