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Biotechnology : Principles and Processes

Long Answer Type

41.

What are bioreactors?. What is the utility? Draw the digram of the two types of bioreactors

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42. Describe briefly the following :

(a) Origin of replication (b) Bioreactor (c) Downstream processing

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Short Answer Type

43. Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks ?

Stirred tank bioreactors provide advantage over shake flasks . besides aeration and mixing properties Stirred tank bioreactors are useful in a number of ways

(i) They provide optimum growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, oxygen) to achieve the desired product.

(ii) They are cost effective .

(iii) Due to baffles, oxygen transfer rate is very high

(iv) Capacity of stirred tank is more as compared to shake flasks.

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Long Answer Type

44. Explain briefly the following

(a) PCR (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA

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Short Answer Type

45. Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between

(a) Plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA
(b)Exonuclease and endonuclease.

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46. Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice ? Find where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).

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47.

Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.

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48. Name the technique used for separation of DNA fragments. What is its principle ? How are they observed ?

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49.

What are molecular scissors. Explain their role.
Or
How does restriction endonuclease work ?

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Long Answer Type

50. How is DNA isolated in purified form ?

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