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Biotechnology : Principles and Processes

Short Answer Type

31. Give the applications of PCR technology.

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32. Why is “Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation” in plants described as Natural genetic engineering of plants ?

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33. Name the various cloning vectors and explain how a plasmid can be used for genetic engineering.

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Long Answer Type

34. How is recombinant DNA transferred to host ?

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Short Answer Type

35.

Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces.

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36. List the steps in the formation of rDNA.

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37. How is isolated gene of interest amplified ?

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Long Answer Type

38.

List the features required in vectors that facilitate cloning . With a suitable diagram show the E.coli cloning vector with restriction sites.

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Short Answer Type

39. Explain the importance of (a) ori, (b) amp^R and (c) rop in the E. coli vector .

(a) Importance of ori. This sequence helps in initiation of replication. A foreign piece of DNA has to be linked to this sequence in order to replicate within the host cells. It also controls the copy number of linked DNAl.

(b) Importance of amp^R. It is antibiotic resistance gene for ampicillin. It serves as a cloning sites where foreign DNA can be inserted. It may also helps in selection of transformants.

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